Traumatology

Splinting is an important part of efficient treatment of dental injuries where stabilizing teeth is required.

Treatment Objectives of Splinting for Common Dental Injuries

  • Reposition and stabilization of the injured tooth or its fragment in its anatomically correct position to adjacent teeth with a splint to optimize healing of the PDL while maintaining esthetic and functional integrity.

Function of the Splint:

  • Shift of the portion of the load
  • Three-dimensional action
  • Change of orientation of the forces along the horizontal axis
  • Stabilization of the teeth

General Features of an Ideal Trauma Splint Include:

  • Easily and fast fabricated without additional trauma - Dentapreg™ SFU or SFM complies
  • Passive - Dentapreg™ SFU or SFM complies
  • Allows physiologic mobility - Dentapreg™ SFU or SFM complies
  • Does not interfere with occlusion - Dentapreg™ SFU or SFM complies
  • Non-irritating to soft issues - Dentapreg™ SFU or SFM complies
  • Allows endodontic treatment - Dentapreg™ SFU or SFM complies
  • Esthetics - Dentapreg™ SFU or SFM complies
  • Easy cleaning - Dentapreg™ SFU or SFM complies
  • Easily removed  - Dentapreg™ SFU or SFM complies

Biomechanics of Splint:

Splinting teeth to each other provides loosen teeth support by neighbouring sound abutment teeth. Splint is a part of frame where abutment teeth serve as vertical beam and splint itself serves as horizontal beam which bears the loading from loosen teeth. Major loading forces are horizontal forces perpendicular to dental arch acting thanks to loosen teeth mobility. Stabilizing capacity of the splint is directly proportional to the stiffness of the splint and  its adhesion to mobile and abutment teeth. From the other hand splint should allow physiological movement of the teeth.

Typical Clinical Use of Dentapreg™ SFU or SFM in Traumatology:

Splinting is required treatment of following dental injuries (according to WHO System modified by Andreasen and Andreasen):

Injuries to the hard dental tissues and the pulp

Crown-root fracture (suggested splinting time: 3 months)
The emergency treatment objective is to stabilize the coronal fragment in its anatomically correct position to adjacent  teeth with a splint to optimize healing of the PDL while maintaining esthetic and functional integrity. Further treatment depends on complexity of the injury.

Root fracture (suggested splinting time: 3 months)

Treatment objectives: to reposition and stabilize the coronal fragment in its anatomically correct position to adjacent teeth with a splint to optimize healing of the PDL while maintaining esthetic and functional integrity.

Injuries to periodontal tissues

Subluxation (loosening) (suggested splinting time: 7-10 days)

Treatment objectives: to optimize healing of the PDL by stabilizing loosen tooth to adjacent teeth with a splint.

Lateral luxation isolated (suggested splinting time: 2-3 weeks)

Lateral luxation Alveolar fx (suggested splinting time: 6-8 weeks)

Treatment objectives: to reposition and stabilize the coronal fragment in its anatomically correct position to adjacent teeth with a splint to optimize healing of the PDL while maintaining esthetic and functional integrity.

Extrusive luxation (suggested splinting time: 2-3 weeks)

Treatment objectives: to reposition and stabilize the coronal fragment in its anatomically correct position to adjacent teeth with a splint to optimize healing of the PDL while maintaining esthetic and functional integrity.

Intrusive luxation (suggested splinting time: 2-3 weeks)

Treatment objectives: to reposition and stabilize the coronal fragment in its anatomically correct position to adjacent teeth with a splint to optimize healing of the PDL while maintaining esthetic and functional integrity.

Avulsion (suggested splinting time 1-2 weeks)

Treatment objectives: to replant and then to stabilize the replanted tooth  in its anatomically correct position to adjacent teeth with a splint to optimize healing of the PDL while maintaining esthetic and functional integrity.

Injuries to the supporting bone

Fracture of the alveolar process (suggested splinting time: 6-8 weeks)

Treatment objectives: reposition the fragment and stabilizing it to adjacent teeth with a splint.

Fracture of Mandible (suggested splinting time: 6-8 weeks)

Treatment objectives: immobilization of mandibular fractures. There are two options for splinting:

a) splinting of the teeth in the mandible (simple fracture of mandible body or alveolar process, patient cooperation necessary!)

b) maxillomandibular fixation - closed reduction

Note:

Suggested splinting time means minimum time for splinting. Real splinting time should reflect the healing process of the individual clinical situation.

Positioning of Dentapreg™  SFU or SFM:

  • Vestibular – as close as possible to middle third of the crown
  • Vestibular and oral – for splinting teeth in mandible (immobilization of mandibular fracture)

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